The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. Vertical belts. (See Figures O-14 and O-15. Tr = Longest response time, in seconds, of all interposing control elements between the presence sensing device and the clutch/brake operating mechanism(s). (ii) If the belt is of the endless type or laced with rawhide laces, and a belt shifter is not desired, the belt will be considered guarded if the nip point of the belt and pulley is protected by a nip point guard located in front of the cone extending at least to the top of the largest step of the cone, and formed to show the contour of the cone in order to give the nip point of the belt and pulley the maximum protection. 4. The interior surface of all guards, by which is meant the surface of the guard with which a belt will come in contact, shall be smooth and free from all projections of any character, except where construction demands it; protruding shallow roundhead rivets may be used. Where clamp caps or setscrews are used in conjunction with punch stems, additional means of securing the upper shoe to the slide shall be used. (i) Point of operation devices shall protect the operator by: (a) Preventing and/or stopping normal stroking of the press if the operator's hands are inadvertently placed in the point of operation; or, (b) Preventing the operator from inadvertently reaching into the point of operation, or withdrawing his hands if they are inadvertently located in the point of operation, as the dies close; or, (c) Preventing the operator from inadvertently reaching into the point of operation at all times; or, (e) Requiring application of both of the operator's hands to machine operating controls and locating such controls at such a safety distance from the point of operation that the slide completes the downward travel or stops before the operator can reach into the point of operation with his hands; or, (f) Enclosing the point of operation before a press stroke can be initiated, and maintaining this closed condition until the motion of the slide had ceased; or. (iii) Where brake engagement and clutch release is effected by spring action, such spring(s) shall operate in compression on a rod or within a hole or tube, and shall be of non-interleaving design. The clearance line marks the distance required to prevent contact between guard and moving parts. 1910.266 Logging operations. (A) The manufacturer's recommended test procedures for checking operation of the presence sensing device. a. (E) A system or visual check shall be made to verify correct counterbalance adjustment for die weight according to the press manufacturer's instructions, when a press is equipped with a slide counterbalance system. (iv) single strand V-belts, the width of which is thirteen thirty-seconds (1332) inch or less. Rivet making with less than 1-inch diameter is usually a cold forging operation, and therefore not included in this subpart. The application, supporting documents, staff recommendation, statement of applicant's reasons, and any comments received, will be available for public inspection in the OSHA Docket Office. Vertical belts running over a lower pulley more than seven (7) feet above floor or platform shall be guarded at the bottom in the same manner as horizontal overhead belts, if conditions are as stated in paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) (a) and (c) of this section. Each time the operational conditions are significantly changed (including environmental, application or facility changes, but excluding such changes as die changes or press relocations not involving revision to the safety system); c. When a failure of a significant component has occurred or a change has been made which may affect safety; or. (c) A separate pull-out device shall be provided for each operator if more than one operator is used on a press. Hangers shall be inspected to make certain that all supporting bolts and screws are tight and that supports of hanger boxes are adjusted properly. Type 11 wheels are subject to all limitations of use and mounting listed for type 6 straight sided cup wheels definition. Tail rods or extension piston rods. (11) Rivet making machines mean the same as upsetters and boltheaders when producing rivets with stock diameter of 1-inch or more. Grinding is always performed on rim face, W dimension. 1910.97 Nonionizing radiation. c. The applicant shall provide information demonstrating that it and any validating laboratory utilized meet the program requirements set forth in section III of this appendix. Subpart EExit Routes and Emergency Planning, 1910.33 Table of contents. Workers who operate and maintain machinery suffer approximately 18,000 amputations, lacerations, crushing injuries, abrasions, and over 800 deaths per year. Dimensions of such flanges shall never be less than indicated. (41) Knockout means a mechanism for releasing material from either die. (v) The hinged or movable sections of an interlocked press barrier guard shall not be used for manual feeding. (b) Attachments shall be adjusted to prevent the operator from reaching into the point of operation or to withdraw the operator's hands from the point of operation before the dies close. The spreader shall be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw disk. This requirement does not apply to those elements of the control system which have no effect on the protection against point of operation injuries. 1910.1024 Beryllium. The manufacturer shall evaluate and certify, and the OSHA-recognized third-party validation organization shall validate, the design and operation of the safety system by determining conformance with the following: a. (55) Trip or (tripping) means activation of the clutch to run the press. (o) Profile and swing-head lathes and wood heel turning machine. Cup wheels (Types 6 and 11) shall be protected by: (i) Safety guards as specified in paragraphs (b) (1) through (10) of this section; (ii) Band type guards as specified in paragraph (b)(11) of this section; and. full text search results ), Wherever the nature of the work requires contact with the wheel below the horizontal plane of the spindle, the exposure shall not exceed 125. 1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes. (iv) Personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, aprons, and other items) shall be worn. Higher voltages that may be necessary for operation of machine or control mechanisms shall be isolated from any control mechanism handled by the operator, but motor starters with integral Start-Stop buttons may utilize line voltage control. (A) Where presses that have slide counterbalance systems are used in the PSDI mode, the counterbalance system shall also meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(9) of this section. Work rests shall be kept adjusted closely to the wheel with a maximum opening of one-eighth inch to prevent the work from being jammed between the wheel and the rest, which may cause wheel breakage. (b) As used in 1910.215 unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the following abrasive wheel machinery terms shall have the meanings prescribed in this paragraph. (x) Foot operated tripping controls, if used, shall be protected so as to prevent operation from falling or moving objects, or from unintended operation by accidental stepping onto the foot control. Reactivation of the clutch shall require restoration of normal air supply and use of the tripping mechanism(s). [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9240, Mar. Where guard is exposed to contact with moving equipment additional strength may be necessary. OSHA does not have a standard that sets a maximum limit on how much weight a person may lift or carry. Acceptance and field inspection. This type, however, differs from Type 5 in that the grinding is performed on the wall of the abrasive created by the difference between the diameter of the recess and the outside diameter of the wheel. (b) 12-inch diameter wheel, 1,000 revolutions per minute. Where prong anchor or cupback bushing are used, this footnote does not apply. It should be noted that this does not require redundancy for press components such as structural elements, clutch/brake mechanisms, plates, etc., for which adequate reliability may be achieved by proper design, maintenance, and inspection. Standards covering issues of occupational safety and health which have general application without regard to any specific industry are incorporated by reference in paragraphs (b) through (m) of this section and in subparagraphs (3) and (4) of this paragraph and made applicable under this section. 1910.139 [Reserved] The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides for safety guards used on cylindrical grinding machines shall not exceed 180. The validation organization or validating laboratory shall maintain a record of each certification/validation of a PSDI safety system, including manufacturer and/or employer certification documentation, test and working data, test report, certification/validation report, any follow-up inspections or testing, and reports of equipment failures, any reports of accidents involving the equipment, and any other pertinent information. 1910.67 Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms. e. The generation of the test signal introduced into the system for measuring reaction time shall be such that the initiation time can be established with an error of less than 0.5 percent of the reaction time measured. If previous design, history and application are considered to be similar, but not equal to or more exacting than earlier experiences, the additional or partial certification/validation tests should concentrate on the areas of changed or increased requirements. Control elements shall be checked for correct status after power on and before the initial PSDI stroke. 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. If, after review of all documentation, tests, analyses, manufacturer's certifications, and any additional tests which the third-party validation organization believes are necessary, the third-party validation organization determines that the PSDI safety system is in full compliance with the applicable requirements of 29 CFR 1910.217(a) through (h) and this appendix A, it shall validate the manufacturer's certification that it so meets the stated requirements. 1910.152 [Reserved]. 1910.1048 Formaldehyde. Pulleys with cracks, or pieces broken out of rims, shall not be used. (11) Hydraulic equipment. Compliance with 1910.217(h)(7). The guard shall have openings no larger than one-half (12) inch. Ts = Longest press stopping time, in seconds, computed by taking averages of multiple measurements at each of three positions (45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees) of crankshaft angular position; the longest of the three averages is the stopping time to use. (3) Flanges. (ii) flat belts two (2) inches or less in width which are free from metal lacings or fasteners, (iii) round belts one-half (12) inch or less in diameter; and. b. (ii) Two-hand trip systems on full revolution clutch machines shall incorporate an antirepeat feature. Identification and description of test methods or procedures used. 1910.272 Grain handling facilities. When repairing or cleaning a conveyor, all equipment must be locked or blocked and operating controls tagged. Ample room for cleaning machines, handling material, work pieces, and scrap shall also be provided. Paragraph (f)(1) of this section does not apply to hand-operated gears used only to adjust machine parts and which do not continue to move after hand power is removed. In all other industries, wood guards shall not be used. 1910.68 Manlifts. (i) Wood guards may be used in the woodworking and chemical industries, in industries where the presence of fumes or where manufacturing conditions would cause the rapid deterioration of metal guards; also in construction work and in locations outdoors where extreme cold or extreme heat make metal guards and railings undesirable. 1910.242 Hand and portable powered tools and equipment, general. (i) A suitable enclosure shall be provided to prevent damaged or detached boards from falling. Preliminary decision by Assistant Secretary. 1910.1451-1910.1499 [Reserved]. (3) Steam hammers mean a type of drop hammer where the ram is raised for each stroke by a double-action steam cylinder and the energy delivered to the workpiece is supplied by the velocity and weight of the ram and attached upper die driven downward by steam pressure. For any timer setting greater than 15 seconds, the adjustment shall be made by the use of a special tool available only to authorized persons. The application shall identify the scope of the validation activity for which the applicant wishes to be recognized, based on one of the following alternatives: (1) Design Certification/Validation, Installation Certification/Validation, and Annual Recertification/Revalidation; (2) Design Certification/Validation only; or. Gears. It is necessary to maintain clearance between the wheel side and the guard. 1910.243 Guarding of portable powered tools. Both types are reinforced, organic bonded wheels having offset hubs which permit side and peripheral grinding operations without interference with the mounting. Shall have legal authority to perform the validation of certification; 2. round belts one-half (12) inch or less in diameter; and. (ii) The relevant requirements of paragraphs (a) through (g) of this section also shall apply to all presses used in the PSDI mode of operation, whether or not cross referenced in this paragraph (h). If workers need to cross over a conveyor, OSHA has specific requirements for both Construction and Marine applications of Conveyor Crossovers. (3) Auxiliary equipment. The use of belt poles as substitutes for mechanical shifters is not recommended. 1910.335 Safeguards for personnel protection. (iv) A PSDI set-up/reset means shall be provided which requires an overt action by the operator, in addition to PSDI mode selection, before operation of the press by means of PSDI can be started. 1910.109 Explosives and blasting agents. (i) Each continuous line of shafting shall be secured in position against excessive endwise movement. It is the intent of paragraph (h)(7) that control components be provided with inherent design protection against operating stresses and environmental factors affecting safety and reliability. (xiii) The Control system shall incorporate interlocks for supplemental guards, if used, which will prevent stroke initiation or will stop a stroke in progress if any supplemental guard fails or is deactivated. (64) Certification or certify means, in the case of design certification/validation, that the manufacturer has reviewed and tested the design and manufacture, and in the case of installation certification/validation and annual recertification/revalidation, that the employer has reviewed and tested the installation, and concludes in both cases that the requirements of 1910.217 (a) through (h) and appendix A have been met. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Osha) issued citations against Amazon at six warehouses in December 2022, . (a) Attachments shall be connected to and operated only by the press slide or upper die. Compliance with 1910.217(h)(2)(ii). Paragraph (f)(1) of this section does not apply to hand-operated gears used only to adjust machine parts and which do not continue to move after hand power is removed. The validation organization shall demonstrate competence and experience in either power press design, manufacture or use, or testing, quality control or certification/validation of equipment comparable to power presses and associated control systems. Cast iron (min. The certification/validation report shall be signed by the Administrative Director and the Technical Director. (6) Trimming presses mean a class of auxiliary forging equipment which removes flash or excess metal from a forging. This section covers the principal features with which power transmission safeguards shall comply. Further, each operator shall be provided with a set-up/reset means that meets the requirements of paragraph (h)(6) of this section, and which must be actuated to initiate operation of the press in the PSDI mode. Dp = Penetration depth factor, required to provide for possible penetration through the presence sensing field by fingers or hand before detection occurs. a. 1910.151 Medical services and first aid. result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR. The procedures shall be based on pertinent OSHA standards and test methods, or other publicly available standards and test methods generally recognized as appropriate in the field, such as national consensus standards or published standards of professional societies or trade associations. "Employers want to make sure their equipment is safe to operate," says McCullough. Brake design parameters important to PSDI are high torque, low moment of inertia, low air volume (if pneumatic) mechanisms, non-interleaving engagement springs, and structural integrity which is enhanced by over-design. (3) Bolster plate means the plate attached to the top of the bed of the press having drilled holes or T-slots for attaching the lower die or die shoe. (f) Certain Type 1 and Type 27A cutting-off wheels. 1910.9 Compliance duties owed to each employee. A recognized validation organization may voluntarily terminate its recognition, either in its entirety or with respect to any area covered in its recognition, by giving written notice to OSHA at any time. The emphasis is on an integrated total system including all elements affecting point of operation safety. 4. Push sticks or push blocks shall be provided at the work place in the several sizes and types suitable for the work to be done. Any detected broken or unserviceable springs shall be replaced before the test is conducted. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides for safety guards used on machines known as swing frame grinding machines shall not exceed 180, and the top half of the wheel shall be enclosed at all times. Mines. will also bring you to search results. However, in determining eligibility for a foreign-based third-party validation organization, OSHA shall take into consideration whether there is reciprocity of treatment by the foreign government after consultation with relevant U.S. government agencies. (2) Guard exposure angles. Prior to use, both the employer and manufacturer must certify that these requirements and all the other applicable requirements of this section are met and these certifications must be validated by an OSHA-recognized third-party validation organization to meet these additional requirements and all the other applicable requirements of paragraphs (a) through (h) and appendix A of this section. 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene. Paragraph (h)(6)(xv) of the standard requires that the control system have provisions for an inch operating means; that die-setting not be done in the PSDI mode; and that production not be done in the inch mode. Flywheels located so that any part is seven (7) feet or less above floor or platform shall be guarded in accordance with the requirements of this subparagraph: Cranks and connecting rods. The OSHA-recognized third-party validation organization shall conduct tests, and/or review and evaluate the employer's installation tests, documentation and representations. (i) Tight and loose pulleys on all new installations made on or after August 31, 1971, shall be equipped with a permanent belt shifter provided with mechanical means to prevent belt from creeping from loose to tight pulley. 1910.169 Air receivers. Type 28 wheels have saucer shaped grinding rims. Inclined and vertical shafts, particularly inclined idler shafts, shall be securely held in position against endwise thrust. 1910.12 Construction work. Grinding is always performed on rim face, W dimension. This appendix prescribes mandatory requirements and procedures for OSHA recognition of third-party validation organizations to validate employer and manufacturer certifications that their equipment and practices meet the requirements of the PSDI standard. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) requirements for machine guarding are found in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and Machine Guarding as detailed below; 1910.211 Definitions; 1910.212 General requirements for all machines; . (5) Modified types 6 and 11 wheels (terrazzo) mean some type 6 and 11 cup wheels used in the terrazzo trade having tapered K dimensions to match a special tapered flange furnished by the machine builder. (iii) When presses used in the PSDI mode have flywheel or bullgear running on crankshaft mounted journals and bearings, or a flywheel mounted on back shaft journals and bearings, periodic inspections following the press manufacturer's recommendations shall be made to ascertain that bearings are in good working order, and that automatic lubrication systems for these bearings (if automatic lubrication is provided) are supplying proper lubrication. The bottom of the guard should come down to within three-eighths inch of a plane formed by the bottom or contact face of the feed roll where it touches the stock. The stopping time measurements should be made with the heaviest upper die that is planned for use in the press. The adjustments shall be made before performing the stopping time measurements required by paragraphs (h)(2)(ii), (h)(5)(iii), and (h)(9)(v) of this section. The cone belt and pulley shall be equipped with a belt shifter so constructed as to adequately guard the nip point of the belt and pulley. Unused keyways shall be filled up or covered. (7) Feeder attachments shall have the feed rolls or other moving parts so covered or guarded as to protect the operator from hazardous points. (11) The frames and all exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of portable electric woodworking machinery operated at more than 90 volts to ground shall be grounded and other portable motors driving electric tools which are held in the hand while being operated shall be grounded if they operate at more than 90 volts to ground. The angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides for safety guards used on machines known as bench and floor stands should not exceed 90 or one-fourth of the periphery. (6) Part revolution clutch means a type of clutch that can be disengaged at any point before the crankshaft has completed a full revolution and the press slide a full stroke. 1910.215 Abrasive wheel machinery. (4) Lathes used for turning long pieces of wood stock held only between the two centers shall be equipped with long curved guards extending over the tops of the lathes in order to prevent the work pieces from being thrown out of the machines if they should become loose. All flanges shall be maintained in good condition. (ii) The vertical clearance in passageways between the floor and power transmission beams, ceiling, or any other objects, is not less than five feet six inches (5 ft. 6 in.). 1910.164 Fire detection systems. (4) Reconstruction and modification. The total system design shall be certified by the manufacturer as complying with all requirements in 29 CFR 1910.217 (a) through (h) and this appendix A. This subparagraph does not apply to keys or setscrews within gear or sprocket casings or other enclosures, nor to keys, setscrews, or oilcups in hubs of pulleys less than twenty (20) inches in diameter where they are within the plane of the rim of the pulley. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 outlines "Alternative Protection Measure" procedures that can result in increased efficiency without compromising the safety of the operation. 2. (See paragraph (d)(6) of this section.). (7) All cracked saws shall be removed from service. The manufacturer shall design, evaluate, test and certify, and the third-party validation organization shall evaluate and validate, that the PSDI safety system meets appropriate requirements in the following areas.

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